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choose as deputy

  • 1 legens

    1.
    lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.
    I.
    A publicist's t. t.
    A.
    To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

    ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

    Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

    hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

    juste pieque legatus venio,

    Liv. 1, 32:

    tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

    Sall. J. 21, 4:

    quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

    Gell. 7, 14, 8.—
    2.
    Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

    quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

    what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —
    b.
    Beyond the official sphere:

    quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

    committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—
    B.
    To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

    eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

    Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

    ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

    istum legatum iri non arbitror,

    id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

    ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    Dolabella me sibi legavit,

    chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

    Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

    Sall. J. 28.—
    II.
    A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

    Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

    Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

    usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

    Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

    id. Top. 3, 14:

    cui argentum omne legatum est,

    Quint. 5, 10, 62:

    in argento legato,

    id. 7, 2, 11.—
    B.
    Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

    uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

    Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

    si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

    id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,
    1.
    lēgātus, i, m.
    A.
    (Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

    legatos mittere,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

    ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

    id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

    missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

    Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—
    B.
    (Acc. to lego, I. B.).
    a.
    An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

    quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

    Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

    qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

    id. Clu. 36, 99:

    Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

    Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

    id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

    neque se ei legatum defuturum,

    id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

    hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

    Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

    (Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

    id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

    quaestorius,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

    L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

    id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

    magnitudo et splendor legati,

    Liv. 38, 58, 9:

    in magna legatum quaere popina,

    Juv. 8, 172.—
    b.
    Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—
    (β).
    Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

    Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

    legatus praetorius,

    Tac. Agr. 7.—
    2.
    lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

    legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

    Dig. 30, 116:

    Hortensii legata cognovi,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

    reliqua legata varie dedit,

    Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

    legatum peto ex testamento,

    Quint. 4, 2, 6:

    jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

    Suet. Dom. 8:

    cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

    Juv. 9, 62:

    legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.
    2.
    lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    oleam,

    Cato, R. R. 144:

    nuces,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

    herbas collibus,

    Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

    roscida mala,

    id. ib. 8, 38:

    flores in calathos,

    Ov. F. 5, 218:

    spolia caesorum,

    Liv. 5, 39:

    quos (montanos asparagos),

    Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

    ossa,

    Ov. H. 10, 150:

    homini mortuo ossa,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

    reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

    Suet. Aug. 100. —
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

    quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

    ossa vivis,

    id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

    ossa in capite lecta,

    id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

    ossa e vulneribus,

    Quint. 6, 1, 30.—
    2.
    To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

    oleam qui legerit,

    Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

    ficus non erat apta legi,

    Ov. F. 2, 254.—
    3.
    Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

    extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

    i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

    quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

    Ov. F. 3, 462:

    stamen,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—
    4.
    Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

    omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

    Verg. G. 1, 373:

    vela legunt socii,

    id. A. 3, 532:

    ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

    Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

    prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

    draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

    ancoras classis legit,

    is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—
    5.
    To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

    majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

    Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

    sacra divum,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

    soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

    Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—
    6.
    Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

    nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

    Ov. M. 5, 579:

    pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

    sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

    vada dura lego,

    id. ib. 3, 706:

    freta,

    id. ib. 3, 127:

    aequora Afra,

    Ov. F. 4, 289:

    Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

    id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

    subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

    id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

    et vestigia retro Observata legit,

    Verg. A. 9, 392:

    tortos orbes,

    to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—
    7.
    To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

    Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

    Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

    navibus oram Italiae,

    Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

    oram Campaniae,

    Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

    terram,

    id. Aug. 16. —
    8.
    Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

    alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

    pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

    judices,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

    omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

    id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

    scribam,

    to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

    condiciones nubendi,

    id. Cael. 15:

    cives in patres,

    Liv. 23, 22:

    viros ad bella,

    Ov. M. 7, 669:

    geminasque legit de classe biremes,

    Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

    senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

    Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—
    * (β).
    With inf.:

    fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

    Stat. Th. 1, 530.
    II.
    Trop.
    * A.
    To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

    nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—
    B.
    To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.
    * 1.
    In gen.:

    tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

    Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—
    2.
    In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

    ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

    Cic. Top. 1:

    defensionem causae,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

    legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

    aliquid studiose intenteque,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

    significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

    id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

    liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

    orationem,

    Quint. 1, 1, 6:

    aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

    antiquos et novos,

    Quint. 2, 5, 23:

    antiquos studiosius,

    id. 3, 6, 62:

    poëtas,

    id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

    Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

    id. 10, 1, 116:

    dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

    sepulcra legens,

    when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

    legentium plerisque,

    Liv. 1 praef. §

    4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

    to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

    nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

    Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

    legendi usus,

    Lact. 3, 25, 9:

    memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

    Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

    convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

    obturem impune legentibus aures,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

    quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

    with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

    quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

    to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—
    (β).
    To find in an author or a writing:

    ut scriptum legimus,

    Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

    legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

    ego vero haec scripta legi,

    id. Planc. 39, 94:

    praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

    Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

    in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

    Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—
    C.
    A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

    v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

    Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

    argentum,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

    ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

    uxor lectissima,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    (verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

    id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

    nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

    id. Or. 68, 227:

    juvenum lectissime,

    Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

    viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

    Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

    ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

    lectius,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > legens

  • 2 lego

    1.
    lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.
    I.
    A publicist's t. t.
    A.
    To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

    ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

    Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

    hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

    juste pieque legatus venio,

    Liv. 1, 32:

    tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

    Sall. J. 21, 4:

    quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

    Gell. 7, 14, 8.—
    2.
    Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

    quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

    what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —
    b.
    Beyond the official sphere:

    quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

    committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—
    B.
    To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

    eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

    Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

    ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

    istum legatum iri non arbitror,

    id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

    ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    Dolabella me sibi legavit,

    chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

    Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

    Sall. J. 28.—
    II.
    A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

    Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

    Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

    usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

    Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

    id. Top. 3, 14:

    cui argentum omne legatum est,

    Quint. 5, 10, 62:

    in argento legato,

    id. 7, 2, 11.—
    B.
    Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

    uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

    Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

    si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

    id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,
    1.
    lēgātus, i, m.
    A.
    (Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

    legatos mittere,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

    ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

    id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

    missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

    Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—
    B.
    (Acc. to lego, I. B.).
    a.
    An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

    quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

    Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

    qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

    id. Clu. 36, 99:

    Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

    Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

    id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

    neque se ei legatum defuturum,

    id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

    hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

    Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

    (Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

    id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

    quaestorius,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

    L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

    id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

    magnitudo et splendor legati,

    Liv. 38, 58, 9:

    in magna legatum quaere popina,

    Juv. 8, 172.—
    b.
    Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—
    (β).
    Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

    Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

    legatus praetorius,

    Tac. Agr. 7.—
    2.
    lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

    legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

    Dig. 30, 116:

    Hortensii legata cognovi,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

    reliqua legata varie dedit,

    Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

    legatum peto ex testamento,

    Quint. 4, 2, 6:

    jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

    Suet. Dom. 8:

    cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

    Juv. 9, 62:

    legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.
    2.
    lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    oleam,

    Cato, R. R. 144:

    nuces,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

    herbas collibus,

    Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

    roscida mala,

    id. ib. 8, 38:

    flores in calathos,

    Ov. F. 5, 218:

    spolia caesorum,

    Liv. 5, 39:

    quos (montanos asparagos),

    Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

    ossa,

    Ov. H. 10, 150:

    homini mortuo ossa,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

    reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

    Suet. Aug. 100. —
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

    quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

    ossa vivis,

    id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

    ossa in capite lecta,

    id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

    ossa e vulneribus,

    Quint. 6, 1, 30.—
    2.
    To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

    oleam qui legerit,

    Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

    ficus non erat apta legi,

    Ov. F. 2, 254.—
    3.
    Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

    extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

    i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

    quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

    Ov. F. 3, 462:

    stamen,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—
    4.
    Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

    omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

    Verg. G. 1, 373:

    vela legunt socii,

    id. A. 3, 532:

    ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

    Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

    prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

    draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

    ancoras classis legit,

    is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—
    5.
    To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

    majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

    Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

    sacra divum,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

    soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

    Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—
    6.
    Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

    nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

    Ov. M. 5, 579:

    pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

    sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

    vada dura lego,

    id. ib. 3, 706:

    freta,

    id. ib. 3, 127:

    aequora Afra,

    Ov. F. 4, 289:

    Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

    id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

    subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

    id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

    et vestigia retro Observata legit,

    Verg. A. 9, 392:

    tortos orbes,

    to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—
    7.
    To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

    Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

    Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

    navibus oram Italiae,

    Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

    oram Campaniae,

    Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

    terram,

    id. Aug. 16. —
    8.
    Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

    alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

    pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

    judices,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

    omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

    id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

    scribam,

    to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

    condiciones nubendi,

    id. Cael. 15:

    cives in patres,

    Liv. 23, 22:

    viros ad bella,

    Ov. M. 7, 669:

    geminasque legit de classe biremes,

    Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

    senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

    Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—
    * (β).
    With inf.:

    fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

    Stat. Th. 1, 530.
    II.
    Trop.
    * A.
    To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

    nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—
    B.
    To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.
    * 1.
    In gen.:

    tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

    Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—
    2.
    In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

    ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

    Cic. Top. 1:

    defensionem causae,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

    legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

    aliquid studiose intenteque,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

    significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

    id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

    liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

    orationem,

    Quint. 1, 1, 6:

    aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

    antiquos et novos,

    Quint. 2, 5, 23:

    antiquos studiosius,

    id. 3, 6, 62:

    poëtas,

    id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

    Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

    id. 10, 1, 116:

    dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

    sepulcra legens,

    when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

    legentium plerisque,

    Liv. 1 praef. §

    4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

    to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

    nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

    Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

    legendi usus,

    Lact. 3, 25, 9:

    memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

    Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

    convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

    audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

    obturem impune legentibus aures,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

    quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

    with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

    quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

    to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—
    (β).
    To find in an author or a writing:

    ut scriptum legimus,

    Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

    legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

    ego vero haec scripta legi,

    id. Planc. 39, 94:

    praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

    Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

    in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

    Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—
    C.
    A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

    v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

    Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

    argentum,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

    ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

    uxor lectissima,

    id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

    (verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

    id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

    nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

    id. Or. 68, 227:

    juvenum lectissime,

    Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

    viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

    Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

    ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

    lectius,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lego

  • 3 legō

        legō lēgī, lēctus, ere    [1 LEG-], to bring together, gather, collect: herbas collibus, O.: mala, nuces, V.: spolia caesorum, L.: quos (asparagos), Iu.: homini mortuo ossa: ficus apta legi, to be plucked, O.: Parcae fila legunt, i. e. spin out, V.: Ore legam (extremum halitum), receive the last breath, i. e. give a parting kiss, V.: Umida vela, to furl, V.: tenerā vela manu, O.— To take, carry off, steal: sacra divum, H.— To go over, traverse, pass, wander through: saltūs, O.: pontum Pone legit, sails through, V.: Aequora Afra, O.: presso vestigia gressu, track, O.: tortos orbīs, wander through, V.— To sail by, skirt, coast along: Inarimen Prochytenque, O.: navibus oram Italiae, L.; cf. primi litoris oram, i. e. of my theme, V.— To choose, pick out, single out, select, elect, appoint: iudices: condiciones: civīs in patres, L.: viros ad bella, O.: geminas de classe biremīs, V.: legit virum vir, man singles out man (in battle), V.: omnīs longo ordine Adversos legere, pass in review, V.—Esp., of the censors: in senatu legendo, making up the roll of the senate.—Fig., to read, peruse, scan: legi ipse animoque notavi, O.: libros: acta maiorum, S.: liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter: Ore legar populi, O.: sepulcra, epitaphs: ut scriptum legimus, find written: relatum legere, quis docuerit, etc., N.: nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata, Iu.— To read out, read aloud, recite: convocatis auditoribus volumen: Obturem impune legentibus aurīs, H.: alqm occidit legendo, with recitation, H.: acta, the news of the day, Iu.
    * * *
    I
    legare, legavi, legatus V
    bequeath, will; entrust, send as an envoy, choose as a deputy
    II
    legere, legi, lectus V
    read; gather, collect (cremated bones); furl (sail), weigh (anchor); pick out

    Latin-English dictionary > legō

  • 4 избирать

    vt; св - избра́ть
    to select; to choose; голосованием to elect

    избира́ть депута́та — to elect a deputy

    он избра́л му́зыку свое́й профе́ссией — he chose music as his profession

    избира́ть кого-л председа́телем — to select sb to be chairperson, to choose/to elect sb (as) chairman/chairperson

    Русско-английский учебный словарь > избирать

  • 5 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

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  • 6 lēgō

        lēgō āvī (lēgāssit for lēgāverit, XII Tabb. ap. C.), ātus, āre    [lex], to send with a commission, send as ambassador, depute, commission, despatch: ut legati ex eius ordinis auctoritate legarentur: eos privatae rei causā legari: iuste pieque legatus venio, L.: in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, S.— To appoint as deputy, commission as lieutenant: eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius: me legatum iri non arbitror: me sibi legavit, chose me for his lieutenant: sibi homines nobilīs, S.— To bequeath, leave by will: Numitori regnum, L.: usum et fructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae: Nil sibi legatum, H.: uxori grandem pecuniam a filio, to be paid by the son.
    * * *
    I
    legare, legavi, legatus V
    bequeath, will; entrust, send as an envoy, choose as a deputy
    II
    legere, legi, lectus V
    read; gather, collect (cremated bones); furl (sail), weigh (anchor); pick out

    Latin-English dictionary > lēgō

  • 7 zu

    Präp. (+ Dat)
    1. räumlich, Richtung: to, toward(s); bis zu up to; zu jemandem gehen go and ( oder to) see s.o.; zu Tal fahren, gleiten etc.: downhill; Boden 2, Kopf 2 etc.
    2. räumlich, Lage: at, in; zu Berlin in ( amtlich: at) Berlin; der Dom zu Köln Cologne Cathedral; zu ebener Erde at ground level; zu jemandes Füßen at s.o.’s feet; zu Hause at home; zu beiden Seiten des Rheins on both sides of the Rhine; zu Wasser und zu Lande on land and at sea; Gasthof zu den drei Eichen the Three Oaktrees (Inn)
    3. zeitlich, Zeitpunkt: at; Zeitraum: over; Anlass: for; noch zehn Minuten ( bis) zu... another ten minutes before...; zu Beginn at the beginning; zu Weihnachten at Christmas; schenken etc.: for Christmas; Lebzeiten
    4. (für) Zweck, Ziel: for; zu etw. gut sein be good for s.th.; Stoff zu einem Kleid material for a dress
    5. Ergebnis ausdrückend: (in)to; es kam zu einem Skandal it blew up into a scandal, a scandal resulted; zu Asche verbrennen burn to ashes; zu etw. werden turn into s.th.; Person: auch become s.th.; zu meiner Freude / Überraschung to my delight / surprise
    6. Beziehung ausdrückend: for; thematisch: about, on; sich äußern zu say s.th. about; gehören zu belong to; gemein / nett zu nasty / nice to; passen zu suit; der Schlüssel zur Gartentür the key to the garden door; Liebe / Zuneigung zu jemandem love / affection for s.o.; aus Freundschaft zu ihr out of friendship for her
    7. Zusammensein: (mit) with; (hinzu) to; sich zu jemandem setzen sit with s.o., join s.o., sit (down) next to s.o.; Brot zum Ei essen have bread with one’s egg; Zucker zum Kaffee nehmen take sugar in one’s coffee; zu alledem kommt noch hinzu, dass... and on top of all that...
    8. Art und Weise: zu Fuß on foot; zu Pferd kommen come on horseback; zu Deutsch in German
    9. Menge, Zahl, Häufigkeit, Verhältnis etc.: in; nur zu einem kleinen Teil only to a small extent; ein Potenzial, das nur zu einem kleinen Teil genutzt wird a potential only a small part of which is actually used; zu zweit nebeneinander gehen walk along two by two; sie kamen zu sechst six of them came; zu hunderten oder Hunderten in hundreds; es ist zu 20% / einem Viertel falsch 20% / a quarter of it is incorrect; ein Fass zu 50 Litern a 50-lit|re (Am. -er) barrel; zehn Karten zu zwei Euro (а, je) ten tickets at two euros (a ticket); insgesamt: ten tickets for two euros
    10. Zahlenverhältnis: 3 zu 1 three to one; SPORT bei Ergebnisangaben: three-one
    11. Adelsprädikat: Graf zu Pappenheim Count of Pappenheim; Hilfe 1 etc., zum, zur
    —
    Adv.
    1. (übermäßig) too; zu sehr too much; zu sehr betonen overemphasize; das Loch ist zu groß, als dass man es noch flicken könnte the hole is too big to be mended; ( viel) zu viel / viele (far oder much) too much / many; einer etc. zu viel one etc. too many; einmal zu viel once too often; ein gutes Gehalt wäre zu viel gesagt a good salary would be a bit of an overstatement; ich krieg zu viel! umg. well blow me down!; was zu viel ist, ist zu viel! enough is enough!; zu wenig not enough, too little (Pl. few); viel zu wenig not nearly enough, far too little (Pl. few); einer etc. zu wenig one etc. short, one etc. too few; du isst zu wenig you don’t eat enough, you need to eat more
    2. umg. (sehr) too, so, terribly; zu niedlich! how terribly sweet!; das ist ja zu nett! (sehr nett) that’s really very nice!; iro. (sehr gemein) how terribly nice (of you)!; (sehr ärgerlich) a fine thing, I must say!
    3. umg.: immer oder nur zu! go on!; na, dann ( mal) zu! OK, go ahead; beim Aufbruch: OK, let’s go, off we (bzw. you) go then
    4. Richtung: nach Norden zu toward(s) the north; zeitlich: auf oder gegen... zu toward(s)
    —
    I Adj. umg.
    1. zu sein Fenster, Mund etc.: be closed, be shut; eine zu(n) e Tür etc. a closed door etc.
    2. zu sein (verstopft) Nase: be blocked; Ader, Straße, Zufahrt: be blocked
    4. zu sein (betrunken) be plastered, be pissed Sl.; (im Drogenrausch) be out of it
    II Adv. (Ggs. offen) closed, shut; Augen zu! close your eyes; Tür zu! shut the door!
    —
    Konj.
    1. (+ Inf.): ich habe zu arbeiten I’ve got work to do; es ist nicht zu übersehen it can’t be overlooked; gut zu gebrauchen sein be perfectly usable; ich erinnere mich, ihn gesehen zu haben I remember seeing him; auch im Wort: auszuhalten sein be bearable
    2. (+ Part. Präs.): ein sorgfältig zu erwägender Plan a plan requiring careful consideration; auch im Wort: die auszuwechselnden Fahrzeugteile the parts to be exchanged
    * * *
    at (Präp.); on (Präp.); upon (Präp.); too (Adv.); to (Präp.); unto (Präp.); for (Präp.); into (Präp.);
    (geschlossen) closed (Adj.)
    * * *
    [tsuː]
    1. PRÄPOSITION (+dat)
    1) örtlich: Richtung, Ziel to

    zum Bäcker/Arzt gehen — to go to the baker's/doctor's

    zum Militär gehen, zu den Soldaten gehen — to join the army, to join up

    zu jdm/etw hinaufsehen — to look up at sb/sth

    zu jdm herübersehen/hinübersehen — to look across at sb

    zum Fenster herein/hinaus — in (at)/out of the window

    zur Tür hinaus/herein — out of/in the door

    2) örtlich: Lage bei Stadt in

    der Dom zu Köln — the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedral

    zu seiner Linken saß... (geh) — on his left sat...

    3) zeitlich at

    zu früher/später Stunde — at an early/late hour

    (bis) zum 15. April/Donnerstag/Abend — until 15th April/Thursday/(this) evening

    die Zahlung ist zum 15. April fällig — the payment is due on 15th April

    zum 31. Mai kündigen — to give in (Brit) or turn in (US) one's notice for 31st May

    4)

    Zusammengehörigkeit, Begleitung, Zusatz Wein zum Essen trinken — to drink wine with one's meal

    zur Gitarre singen — to sing to (Brit) or with (US) a/the guitar

    Vorwort/Anmerkungen zu etw — preface/notes to sth

    zu dem kommt noch, dass ich... — on top of that I...

    5) Zweck, Bestimmung for

    Papier zum Schreiben — paper to write on, writing paper

    zur Einführung... — by way of (an) introduction...

    zu seiner Entschuldigung muss man sagen... — in his defence (Brit) or defense (US) one must say...

    zu seiner Entschuldigung sagte er... — by way of apology he said...

    zu nichts taugen, zu nichts zu gebrauchen sein — to be no use to anyone (inf)

    6)

    Anlass etw zum Geburtstag/zu Weihnachten bekommen — to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmas

    zu Ihrem 60. Geburtstag — on your 60th birthday

    zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen — my reply to this question is as follows, on this I would like to say the following

    "Zum Realismusbegriff" — "On the Concept of Realism"

    7)

    Folge, Umstand zu seinem Besten — for his own good

    zu meiner Schande/Freude etc — to my shame/joy etc

    es ist zum Weinen — it's enough to make you cry, it makes you want to cry

    8)

    Mittel, Art und Weise zu Fuß/Pferd — on foot/horseback

    9) Veränderung into

    zu etw werden — to turn into sth; (Mensch auch) to become sth

    jdn/etw zu etw machen — to make sb/sth (into) sth

    10) = als as

    er machte sie zu seiner Frau, er nahm sie zur Frau — he made her his wife

    11)

    Verhältnis, Beziehung Liebe zu jdm — love for sb

    Vertrauen zu jdm/etw — trust in sb/sth

    12)

    in Vergleichen im Vergleich zu — in comparison with, compared with

    3:2 — the score is 3-2 or (gesprochen) three-two

    See:
    13)

    bei Zahlenangaben zu zwei Prozent — at two per cent (Brit) or percent (US)

    zum Ersten..., zum Zweiten... (Aufzählung) — first..., second...

    zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, zum Dritten (bei Auktion) — for the first time, for the second time, for the third time

    See:
    → vier, bis
    14)

    mit Fragepronomen zu wem wollen Sie? — who do you want?

    zu wem sprechen Sie morgen bei der Konferenz? — who will you be speaking to or who will you be addressing at the conference tomorrow?

    15)

    bei Namen der Graf zu Ehrenstein — the Count of Ehrenstein

    16)

    getrenntes "dazu" inf da komme ich nicht zu — I can't get (a)round to it

    See:
    → dazu
    17)

    andere Wendungen zum Beispiel — for example

    zum Lobe von jdm/etw — in praise of sb/sth

    zur Beurteilung/Einsicht — for inspection

    zur Probe/Ansicht — on trial/approval

    2. ADVERB
    1) = allzu too

    sie liebte ihn zu sehr, als dass sie ihn verraten hätte — she loved him too much to betray him

    2) = geschlossen shut, closed

    auf/zu (an Hähnen etc) — on/off

    3)

    = los, weiter inf dann mal zu! — right, off we go!

    du wolltest mir was vorsingen, dann mal zu — you wanted to sing me something? OK, go ahead

    ihr seid auf dem richtigen Wege, nur zu! — you're on the right track, just keep going

    schreie nur zu, es hilft doch nichts! — scream then, but it won't do any good!

    lauft schon zu, ich komme nach — you go on, I'll catch you up

    4) örtlich toward(s)
    See:
    → ab
    3. ADJEKTIV
    (= geschlossen inf) Tür, Geschäft, Kiste etc shut; Kleid, Verschluss done up
    See:
    4. BINDEWORT

    jdm befehlen or den Auftrag erteilen, etw zu tun — to order sb to do sth

    das Material ist noch/nicht mehr zu gebrauchen — the material is still/is no longer usable

    ich habe noch zu arbeiten — I have still got (esp Brit) or I still have some work to do

    ich komme, um mich zu verabschieden — I've come to say goodbye

    2)

    mit Partizip noch zu bezahlende Rechnungen — outstanding bills

    das sind alles nur winzige, leicht zu übersehende Punkte — these are just small points that can easily be overlooked

    der zu prüfende Kandidat, der zu Prüfende — the candidate to be examined

    * * *
    1) (position: They are not at home; She lives at 33 Forest Road) at
    2) (direction: He looked at her; She shouted at the boys.) at
    3) (to the state or condition of: A tadpole turns into a frog; I've sorted the books into piles.) into
    4) (towards: They marched on the town.) on
    5) ((moving, facing etc) in the direction of: He walked toward the door; She turned towards him.) towards
    6) ((moving, facing etc) in the direction of: He walked toward the door; She turned towards him.) toward
    7) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) to
    8) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) to
    9) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) to
    10) to
    11) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) to
    12) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) to
    13) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) to
    14) (an old word for `to'.) unto
    * * *
    zu
    [tsu:]
    1. (wohin: Ziel) to
    \zum Schwimmbad geht es da lang! the swimming pool is that way!
    fahr mich bitte \zur Arbeit/Kirche/Schule please drive me to work/church/school
    wie weit ist es von hier \zum Bahnhof? how far is it from here to the train station?
    wie komme ich [von hier] \zur Post? how do I get [from here] to the post office?
    ich muss gleich \zum Arzt/ \zum Bäcker/ \zum Supermarkt I must go to the doctor's/baker's/supermarket
    morgen gehe ich \zu Rainer I'm going to see Rainer tomorrow
    \zu Bett gehen (geh) to go to bed
    \zum Militär gehen to join the army
    \zum Theater gehen to go on the stage [or into the theatre]
    sich akk \zu Tisch setzen (geh) to sit down to dinner
    2. (wohin: Richtung)
    das Zimmer liegt \zur Straße hin the room looks out onto the street
    der Kerl vom Nachbartisch sieht dauernd \zu uns rüber the bloke at the next table keeps looking across at us
    \zur Decke sehen to look [up] at the ceiling
    \zum Fenster hinaus/herein out of/in through the window
    \zur Tür hinaus/herein out of/in through the door
    \zum Himmel weisen to point heavenwards [or up at the heavens]
    \zu jdm/etw hinaufsehen to look up at sb/sth
    \zum Meer/zur Stadtmitte hin towards the sea/town centre
    3. (wohin: neben)
    ▪ \zu jdm/etw next to sb/sth
    darf ich mich \zu Ihnen setzen? may I sit next to [or beside] you?
    setz dich \zu uns [come and] sit with us
    legen Sie \zu den Tellern bitte jeweils eine Serviette put one serviette next to each plate
    4. (wo: Lage) at; (geh)
    sie ist schon \zu Bett she's already gone to bed
    \zu Hause at home
    \zu jds Rechten/Linken on sb's right/left [hand side]
    jdm \zur Seite sitzen (geh) to sit at sb's side
    5. (wo: vor Eigennamen, Ortnamen)
    der Dom \zu Köln the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedral
    der Graf \zu Blaubeuren the Count of Blaubeuren
    der Gasthof \zum blauen Engel the Blue Angel Inn
    der Reichstag \zu Worms (hist) the Diet of Worms
    6. wann: Zeitpunkt at
    \zum 1. Januar fällig due on January 1st
    es muss [bis] zum Abend/14. März fertig sein it must be finished by this evening/March 14th
    \zum Wochenende fahren wir weg we are going away at [or AM on] the weekend
    \zu früher/später Stunde at an early/late hour
    \zu Mittag at [or by] midday/noon
    \zum Monatsende kündigen to give in one's notice for [or to take effect from] the end of the month
    \zu Ostern/Pfingsten/Weihnachten at Easter/Whitsun/Christmas
    letztes Jahr \zu Weihnachten last Christmas; s.a. Anfang, bis, Schluss, Zeit
    7. (wann, wozu: Anlass)
    eine Feier \zum Jahrestag der Revolution a celebration to mark the anniversary of the revolution
    \zum Frühstück trinkt sie immer Tee she always has tea at breakfast
    etw \zum Geburtstag/ \zu Weihnachten bekommen to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmas
    jdm \zu etw gratulieren to congratulate sb on sth
    \zu Ihrem 80. Geburtstag möchte ich Ihnen herzlichst gratulieren I'd like to congratulate you on the occasion of your 80th birthday
    8. (worüber: Thema)
    \zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen to this question I should like to say the following
    was sagst du \zu diesen Preisen? what do you say to these prices?
    eine Rede \zum Thema Umwelt a speech on the subject of the environment
    jdn \zu etw vernehmen to question sb about sth
    9. (wozu: Zweck, Ziel)
    der Knopf \zum Abstellen the off-button
    Papier \zum Schreiben paper to write on, writing paper
    Wasser \zum Trinken drinking water
    wir haben nichts \zum Essen we have nothing to eat
    gib dem Kind doch etwas \zum Spielen give the child something to play with
    auf die Reise habe ich mir etwas \zum Lesen mitgenommen I've brought something to read on the trip
    bei dem Regenwetter habe ich keine Lust \zum Wandern I don't fancy walking if it is raining
    das Zeichen \zum Aufbruch the signal to leave
    \zum Arzt geboren sein to be born to be a doctor
    sie sagte das nur \zu seiner Beruhigung she said that just to set his mind at rest
    \zur Ansicht on approval
    \zur Einsicht for inspection
    \zur Einführung... by way of an introduction...
    \zu seiner Entschuldigung/ \zur Erklärung in apology/explanation, by way of an apology/explanation
    jdn \zum Essen einladen to invite sb for a meal
    \zum Gedächtnis von jdm in memory of sb, in sb's memory
    \zu Hilfe! help!
    jdm \zu Hilfe kommen to come to sb's aid
    \zum Lobe von jdm/etw in praise of sb/sth
    \zu nichts taugen [o zu gebrauchen sein] to be no use at all
    \zur Probe as a trial [or test]
    \zur Unterschrift for signature [or signing]
    \zu was (fam) for what, why
    \zu was soll das gut sein? what do you need that for?, what is that for?
    er nahm sie \zur Frau he took her as his wife
    etw \zur Antwort geben to say sth in reply
    \zum Beispiel for example
    \zur Belohnung as a reward
    \zur Strafe as a punishment
    ▪ jdn/etw \zum Vorbild nehmen to take sb/sth as one's example, to model oneself on sb/sth
    \zur Warnung as a warning
    11. (womit zusammen: Begleitung)
    mögen Sie Milch/Zucker \zum Kaffee? do you take your coffee white [or with milk]/with sugar?
    \zu Lachs passt kein Rotwein red wine does not go with salmon
    etw \zu etw tragen to wear sth with sth
    12. (zu was: Zugehörigkeit)
    \zu den Lehrbüchern gehören auch Kassetten there are cassettes to go with the text books
    wo ist der Korken \zu der Flasche? where is the cork for this bottle?
    mir fehlt nur der Schlüssel \zu dieser Tür I've only got to find the key to this door
    13. (wie: Umstand, Art und Weise)
    sie erledigt alles \zu meiner Zufriedenheit she does everything to my complete satisfaction
    die Firma verkauft alles \zu niedrigsten Preisen the company sells everything at rock-bottom prices
    du hast dich \zu deinem Vorteil verändert you've changed for the better
    das ist ja \zum Lachen that's ridiculous [or really funny]
    das ist \zum Weinen it's enough to make you want to cry [or weep]
    \zu jds Bestem/Vorteil sein to be for one's own good/to one's advantage
    \zu Deutsch (veraltend) in German
    \zum Glück luckily
    14. (wie: Fortbewegungsart)
    \zu Fuß/Pferd on foot/horseback
    \zu Fuß gehen Sie etwa 20 Minuten it will take you about 20 minutes on foot
    \zu Schiff (veraltet) by ship [or sea
    15. (zu was: Ergebnis eines Vorgangs)
    \zu Asche verbrennen to burn to ashes
    Eiweiß \zu Schnee schlagen to beat the egg white until stiff
    Kartoffeln \zu einem Brei zerstampfen to mash potatoes
    \zum Erliegen/Stehen kommen to come to rest/a halt
    etw \zu Pulver zermahlen to grind sth [in]to powder
    \zu etw werden to turn into [or become] sth
    manch einer wird aus Armut \zum Dieb often it is poverty that turns sb into a thief
    wieder \zu Staub werden to [re]turn to dust
    er ist \zum Kapitän befördert worden he was promoted to captain
    sie wurde \zur Vorsitzenden gewählt she was elected chairman
    jdn \zu etw ernennen to nominate sb for sth
    jdn/etw \zu etw machen to make sb/sth into sth
    er machte sie \zu seiner Frau he made her his wife
    17. (zu wem: Beziehung)
    meine Beziehung \zu ihr my relationship with her
    Liebe \zu jdm love for sb
    aus Freundschaft \zu jdm because of one's friendship with sb
    Vertrauen \zu jdm/etw trust in sb/sth
    18. (wie: im Verhältnis zu) in relation [or proportion] to
    im Verhältnis 1 \zu 4 MATH in the ratio of one to four
    unsere Chancen stehen 50 \zu 50 our chances are fifty-fifty
    im Vergleich \zu... in comparison with..., compared to...
    19. SPORT
    Bayern München gewann mit 5 \zu 1 Bayern Munich won five-one
    das Fußballspiel ging unentschieden 0 \zu 0 aus the football match ended in a nil-nil draw
    \zu drei Prozent at three percent
    diese Äpfel habe ich \zu ein Euro das Stück gekauft I bought these apples for [or at] one euro each
    sechs [Stück] \zu fünfzig Cent six for fifty cents
    \zum halben Preis at half price
    wir sind \zu fünft in den Urlaub gefahren five of us went on holiday together
    sie kommen immer \zu zweit those two always come as a pair
    der Pulli ist nur \zur Hälfte fertig the jumper is only half finished
    hast du das Buch nur \zu einem Viertel gelesen? have you only read a quarter of the book?
    \zum ersten Mal for the first time
    \zum Ersten..., \zum Zweiten firstly..., secondly
    \zum Ersten, \zum Zweiten, \zum Dritten (bei Auktionen) going once, going twice, sold
    \zur Hauptsache mainly
    \zum Rechten schauen to look to the right
    \zum Voraus in front of
    \zum Vorn[e]herein from in front
    II. ADVERB
    1. (allzu) too
    ich wäre \zu gern mitgefahren I would have loved to have gone along
    \zu sehr too much
    er hat sich nicht \zu sehr bemüht he didn't try too [or very] hard
    2. (emph: zur Steigerung)
    das ist ja \zu schön! that's marvellous!; (iron) that's just great! iron
    das ist einfach \zu dumm! that's really too stupid!
    3. nachgestellt (örtlich) towards
    dem Ausgang \zu towards the exit
    nach hinten/vorne \zu towards the back/front
    4. (fam: weiter, los)
    dann mal \zu! go ahead!, off we go
    immer [o nur] \zu! go ahead!
    schimpf nur \zu, es hilft doch nichts go on, scream, it won't do any good
    mach \zu! hurry up!, get a move on!
    lauf schon \zu, ich komme nach you go on [or go on ahead], I'll catch up
    1. meist präd (geschlossen) shut, closed
    Tür \zu, es zieht! shut the door, there's a draught!
    dreh den Wasserhahn \zu! turn the tap off!
    [mach die] Augen \zu, ich hab da was für dich close your eyes, I've got sth for you
    \zu haben [o sein] to be shut [or closed]
    die Geschäfte haben [o sind] sonntags \zu stores are closed on Sundays
    vor der \zunen Tür stehen (sl) to stand in front of the closed door
    2. präd (fam: betrunken)
    ▪ \zu sein to be pissed fam!, to have had a skinful fam
    3. präd (fam: emotional unzugänglich)
    ▪ \zu sein:
    sie ist total \zu you can't get through to her
    was gibt es heute Mittag \zu essen? what are we having for lunch today?
    ohne es \zu wissen without knowing it
    ▪ jd hat etw \zu tun:
    ich habe \zu arbeiten I have some work to do
    sie hat \zu gehorchen she has to obey [or do as she is told]
    ich habe heute einiges \zu erledigen I have got a few things to do today
    ▪ etw ist \zu tun:
    die Rechnung ist bis Freitag \zu bezahlen the bill has to be paid by Friday
    dieser Auftrag ist unverzüglich \zu erledigen this task must be completed straight away
    ▪ um etw \zu tun:
    ich komme, um mich \zu verabschieden I have come to say goodbye
    da sind noch einige \zu bezahlende Rechnungen there are some outstanding bills
    es gibt verschiedene noch \zu kaufende Gegenstände some things still have to be bought
    der \zu Prüfende the candidate to be examined
    nicht \zu unterschätzende Probleme problems [that are] not to be underestimated
    * * *
    1.

    zu... hin — towards...

    er kommt zu mir — (besucht mich) he is coming to my place

    das passt nicht zu Bier/zu dem Kleid — that doesn't go with beer/with that dress

    3) (Lage) at

    zu seiner Linken — (geh.) on his left

    der Dom zu Speyer — (veralt.) Speyer Cathedral

    das Gasthaus ‘Zu den drei Eichen’ — the Three Oaks Inn

    5) (Art u. Weise)

    zu meiner Zufriedenheit/Überraschung — to my satisfaction/surprise

    zu seinem Vorteil/Nachteil — to his advantage/disadvantage; (bei Mengenangaben o. Ä)

    zu Dutzenden/zweien — by the dozen/in twos

    sie sind zu einem Drittel/zu 50 % arbeitslos — a third/50 % of them are jobless

    zu einem großen Teil — largely; to a large extent

    fünf Briefmarken zu fünfzig [Cent] — five 50-cent stamps

    9) (Zweck) for
    10) (Ziel, Ergebnis) into
    11) (über) about; on

    freundlich/ hässlich zu jemandem sein — be friendly/nasty to somebody; s. auch zum; zur

    2.
    1) (allzu) too

    er ist zu alt, um diese Reise zu unternehmen — he is too old to undertake this journey

    das ist ja zu schön/komisch! — that's really wonderful/hilarious!; that's too wonderful/hilarious for words!

    3) (ugs.)

    Augen/Tür zu! — shut your eyes/the door!

    4) (ugs.): (Aufforderung)

    nur zu! — (fang/fangt an!) get going!; get down to it!; (mach/macht weiter!) get on with it!

    3.
    1) (mit Infinitiv) to

    Haus zu verkaufen/vermieten — house for sale/to let

    2) (mit 1. Part.)

    die zu erledigende Post — the letters pl. to be dealt with

    * * *
    zu1 präp (+dat)
    1. räumlich, Richtung: to, toward(s);
    bis zu up to;
    zu jemandem gehen go and ( oder to) see sb;
    zu Tal fahren, gleiten etc: downhill; → Boden 2, Kopf 2 etc
    2. räumlich, Lage: at, in;
    zu Berlin in ( amtlich: at) Berlin;
    der Dom zu Köln Cologne Cathedral;
    zu ebener Erde at ground level;
    zu jemandes Füßen at sb’s feet;
    zu Hause at home;
    zu beiden Seiten des Rheins on both sides of the Rhine;
    zu Wasser und zu Lande on land and at sea;
    Gasthof zu den drei Eichen the Three Oaktrees (Inn)
    3. zeitlich, Zeitpunkt: at; Zeitraum: over; Anlass: for;
    noch zehn Minuten (bis) zu … another ten minutes before …;
    zu Beginn at the beginning;
    zu Weihnachten at Christmas; schenken etc: for Christmas; → Lebzeiten
    4. (für) Zweck, Ziel: for;
    zu etwas gut sein be good for sth;
    Stoff zu einem Kleid material for a dress
    es kam zu einem Skandal it blew up into a scandal, a scandal resulted;
    zu Asche verbrennen burn to ashes;
    zu etwas werden turn into sth; Person: auch become sth;
    zu meiner Freude/Überraschung to my delight/surprise
    6. Beziehung ausdrückend: for; thematisch: about, on;
    sich äußern zu say sth about;
    gehören zu belong to;
    gemein/nett zu nasty/nice to;
    passen zu suit;
    der Schlüssel zur Gartentür the key to the garden door;
    Liebe/Zuneigung zu jemandem love/affection for sb;
    aus Freundschaft zu ihr out of friendship for her
    7. Zusammensein: (mit) with; (hinzu) to;
    sich zu jemandem setzen sit with sb, join sb, sit (down) next to sb;
    Brot zum Ei essen have bread with one’s egg;
    Zucker zum Kaffee nehmen take sugar in one’s coffee;
    zu alledem kommt noch hinzu, dass … and on top of all that …
    zu Fuß on foot;
    zu Pferd kommen come on horseback;
    zu Deutsch in German
    9. Menge, Zahl, Häufigkeit, Verhältnis etc: in;
    nur zu einem kleinen Teil only to a small extent;
    ein Potenzial, das nur zu einem kleinen Teil genutzt wird a potential only a small part of which is actually used;
    zu zweit nebeneinandergehen walk along two by two;
    sie kamen zu sechst six of them came;
    Hunderten in hundreds;
    es ist zu 20%/einem Viertel falsch 20%/a quarter of it is incorrect;
    ein Fass zu 50 Litern a 50-litre (US -er) barrel;
    zehn Karten zu zwei Euro (à, je) ten tickets at two euros (a ticket); insgesamt: ten tickets for two euros
    3 zu 1 three to one; SPORT bei Ergebnisangaben: three-one
    Graf zu Pappenheim Count of Pappenheim; → Hilfe 1 etc, zum, zur
    zu2 adv
    zu sehr too much;
    zu sehr betonen overemphasize;
    das Loch ist zu groß, als dass man es noch flicken könnte the hole is too big to be mended;
    (viel) zu viel/viele (far oder much) too much/many;
    einer etc
    zu viel one etc too many;
    einmal zu viel once too often;
    ein gutes Gehalt wäre zu viel gesagt a good salary would be a bit of an overstatement;
    ich krieg zu viel! umg well blow me down!;
    was zu viel ist, ist zu viel! enough is enough!;
    zu wenig not enough, too little (pl few);
    viel zu wenig not nearly enough, far too little (pl few);
    einer etc
    zu wenig one etc short, one etc too few;
    du isst zu wenig you don’t eat enough, you need to eat more
    2. umg (sehr) too, so, terribly;
    zu niedlich! how terribly sweet!;
    das ist ja zu nett! (sehr nett) that’s really very nice!; iron (sehr gemein) how terribly nice (of you)!; (sehr ärgerlich) a fine thing, I must say!
    3. umg:
    nur zu! go on!;
    na, dann (mal) zu! OK, go ahead; beim Aufbruch: OK, let’s go, off we (bzw you) go then
    nach Norden zu toward(s) the north; zeitlich:
    gegen … zu toward(s)
    zu3
    A. adj umg
    1.
    zu sein Fenster, Mund etc: be closed, be shut;
    eine zu(n)e Tür etc a closed door etc
    2.
    zu sein (verstopft) Nase: be blocked; Ader, Straße, Zufahrt: be blocked
    3.
    4.
    zu sein (betrunken) be plastered, be pissed sl; (im Drogenrausch) be out of it
    B. adv (Ggs offen) closed, shut;
    Augen zu! close your eyes;
    Tür zu! shut the door!
    zu4 konj
    1. (+inf):
    ich habe zu arbeiten I’ve got work to do;
    es ist nicht zu übersehen it can’t be overlooked;
    gut zu gebrauchen sein be perfectly usable;
    ich erinnere mich, ihn gesehen zu haben I remember seeing him; auch im Wort:
    auszuhalten sein be bearable
    2. (+ ppr):
    ein sorgfältig zu erwägender Plan a plan requiring careful consideration; auch im Wort:
    die auszuwechselnden Fahrzeugteile the parts to be exchanged
    * * *
    1.

    zu... hin — towards...

    er kommt zu mir — (besucht mich) he is coming to my place

    das passt nicht zu Bier/zu dem Kleid — that doesn't go with beer/with that dress

    3) (Lage) at

    zu seiner Linken — (geh.) on his left

    der Dom zu Speyer — (veralt.) Speyer Cathedral

    das Gasthaus ‘Zu den drei Eichen’ — the Three Oaks Inn

    5) (Art u. Weise)

    zu meiner Zufriedenheit/Überraschung — to my satisfaction/surprise

    zu seinem Vorteil/Nachteil — to his advantage/disadvantage; (bei Mengenangaben o. Ä)

    zu Dutzenden/zweien — by the dozen/in twos

    sie sind zu einem Drittel/zu 50 % arbeitslos — a third/50 % of them are jobless

    zu einem großen Teil — largely; to a large extent

    fünf Briefmarken zu fünfzig [Cent] — five 50-cent stamps

    9) (Zweck) for
    10) (Ziel, Ergebnis) into
    11) (über) about; on

    freundlich/ hässlich zu jemandem sein — be friendly/nasty to somebody; s. auch zum; zur

    2.
    1) (allzu) too

    er ist zu alt, um diese Reise zu unternehmen — he is too old to undertake this journey

    das ist ja zu schön/komisch! — that's really wonderful/hilarious!; that's too wonderful/hilarious for words!

    3) (ugs.)

    Augen/Tür zu! — shut your eyes/the door!

    4) (ugs.): (Aufforderung)

    nur zu! — (fang/fangt an!) get going!; get down to it!; (mach/macht weiter!) get on with it!

    3.
    1) (mit Infinitiv) to

    Haus zu verkaufen/vermieten — house for sale/to let

    2) (mit 1. Part.)

    die zu erledigende Post — the letters pl. to be dealt with

    * * *
    adv.
    too adv. konj.
    for conj. präp.
    at prep.
    to prep.
    toward prep.
    towards prep.
    unto prep.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > zu

  • 8 pod

    Ⅰ praep. 1. (poniżej) under(neath), beneath, below
    - pod kredensem/parasolem under the sideboard/an umbrella
    - pod ziemią below (the) ground, under(neath) the ground
    - pod powierzchnią below a. under(neath) the surface
    - mieszkanie pode mną the flat below a. underneath mine
    - tunele pod centrum miasta tunnels under(neath) a. beneath the city centre
    - pod warstwą tynku beneath a layer of plaster
    - czuć piasek pod stopami to feel the sand under a. beneath one’s feet
    - zaglądałeś pod biurko? have you looked under the desk?
    - zginął pod kołami ciężarówki he died under the wheels of a lorry
    - jego córka wpadła pod samochód his daughter was run over a. hit by a car
    - włóż jakiś sweter pod płaszcz put a jumper on under your coat
    - na liście jego nazwisko było pod moim his name was underneath mine on the list
    - złożyć podpis pod petycją to sign a petition
    - pod jego piórem/pędzlem książk. in his rendition
    2. (obok, koło) at, by; (z nazwą geograficzną) near
    - pod drzwiami at a. by the door
    - pod ścianą by the wall
    - pod samym szczytem just below a. right beneath the summit
    - pod basztą/wzgórzem zamkowym at the foot of the tower/the castle hill
    - pod lasem at the edge of the forest
    - spotkajmy się pod kinem let’s meet outside the cinema
    - podwiózł mnie pod dom he drove me right home
    - podkradł się pod bramę he crept up to the gate
    - miejscowość pod Krakowem a place near Cracow
    - bitwa pod Waterloo the Battle of Waterloo
    - na lato wyjeżdżali zwykle pod Warszawę in the summer they usually stayed somewhere outside Warsaw
    3. (w kierunku przeciwnym do) against
    - pod wiatr against the wind
    - pod prąd against the current, upstream
    - płynąć pod prąd to go against the current także przen.
    - pod światło against the light
    - iść/patrzeć na coś pod słońce to walk/look at sth with the sun in one’s eyes
    - zrobić zdjęcie pod słońce to take a photo against the sun
    - pod górę uphill
    - ścieżka biegnąca pod górę an uphill path, a path going uphill
    4. (wskazujące na podporządkowanie) under
    - pod czyimś dowództwem/nadzorem under sb’s command/supervision
    - pod eskortą policji under police escort
    - państwo Franków pod rządami Karolingów the Frankish state under (the rule of) the Carolingians
    - tereny znajdujące się pod okupacją niemiecką areas under German occupation
    - pacjenci/uczniowie pod moją opieką patients/pupils in my care
    - córkę zostawili pod opieką babci they left their daughter in the care of her grandmother
    - przekazać projekt pod dyskusję to put forward a plan for discussion
    - poddać wniosek pod głosowanie to put a motion to the vote
    - mam pod sobą 20 pracowników I have 20 people under me
    - pod wiceministrem było pięciu dyrektorów there were five directors below the deputy minister
    5. (wskazujące na przyczynę, okoliczności) under
    - pod narkozą under a general anaesthetic
    - pod moją/jego nieobecność in my/his absence
    - pod (czyjąś) presją under pressure (from sb)
    - pod przymusem under duress książk. a. coercion
    - pod wpływem kogoś/czegoś under the influence of sb/sth
    - pod pretekstem ważnego spotkania under a. on the pretext of having an important meeting (to attend)
    - złamać się/ugiąć się pod ciężarem czegoś to break/buckle under the weight of sth także przen.
    - zeznawać pod przysięgą to testify under a. on GB oath
    - obiecał to zrobić pod słowem honoru he gave his word of honour that he would do it, he promised on his word of honour that he would do it
    - został aresztowany pod zarzutem kradzieży he was arrested on a theft charge a. on a charge of theft
    - nasze pozycje znalazły się pod silnym ostrzałem wroga our positions came under heavy enemy fire
    6. (wskazujące na konsekwencje) under
    - pod groźbą eksmisji under threat of eviction
    - pod karą grzywny under a. on penalty of a fine
    - pod karą śmierci on a. under pain of death, under a. on penalty of death
    - pod odpowiedzialnością karną under a. on penalty of law
    7. (z nazwą, tytułem) under
    - wiersz pod tytułem „Kot” a poem entitled ‘Cat’
    - operacja pod kryptonimem „Arka Noego” an operation code-named a. under the code name ‘Noah’s Ark’
    - kościół pod wezwaniem św. Augustyna a church dedicated to a. under the patronage of St Augustine
    - pod pseudonimem under a pseudonym
    - urodzić się pod znakiem Lwa/Raka to be born under the sign of Leo/Cancer
    - na liście figurowała pod nazwiskiem panieńskim she appeared on the list under her maiden name
    - co rozumiesz pod pojęciem feminizmu? what do you understand by the notion of feminism?
    8. (z adresem, numerem) at
    - muzeum mieści się pod numerem piątym the museum is located at number five
    - zanieś te bagaże pod ósemkę take this luggage to (room) number eight
    - więcej informacji uzyska pan pod numerem 913 you can find out more by ringing 913
    - zostaw dla mnie wiadomość pod tym numerem leave a message for me at this number
    9 (wskazujące na dopasowanie) kapelusz pod kolor płaszcza a hat to match the colour of the coat
    - musisz dobrać narzutę pod kolor zasłon you need to a. have to choose a bedspread to go with a. match (the colour of) the curtains
    - podkładać słowa pod melodię to put words to the music
    10 pot. (w stylu) in the style of, in imitation of
    - obrazy malowane pod Picassa pictures in the style a. in imitation of Picasso
    - napisał wypracowanie pod swoją polonistkę he wrote his essay the way his Polish teacher would like it
    11 (blisko) towards, toward US
    - pod wieczór towards the evening
    - pod koniec wieku/przedstawienia towards the end of the century/performance
    - mieć pod pięćdziesiątkę to be getting on for a. approaching fifty
    - temperatura dochodziła pod czterdziestkę pot. the temperature was approaching forty
    12 (z okazji) pot. to
    - wypijmy pod twoją czterdziestkę here’s to your fortieth birthday! pot.
    - pod nasze spotkanie! here’s to our little get-together! pot.
    - kieliszek wódki pod śledzika a glass of vodka to go with the herring
    Ⅱ pod- w wyrazach złożonych (niżej w hierarchii) sub-, under-
    - podtytuł subtitle
    - podsekretarz undersecretary
    * * *
    1. prep +instr
    1) ( poniżej) under

    pod wodą/ziemią — underwater/underground

    pod spodem — below, underneath

    2) ( obok) by
    3) ( w pobliżu) near

    pod wpływem/przymusem — under the influence/pressure

    2. prep +acc
    1) ( kierunek) under

    pod wiatr/prąd — against the wind/stream

    wpaść ( perf) pod samochód — to be hit by a car; to get run over by a car –

    pod wieczór/koniec — towards the evening/end

    3)

    pod warunkiem, że... — on condition (that)...; provided lub providing (that)...

    książka pod tytułem... — a book entitled...

    pod przysięgą — under lub on BRIT oath

    pod karą/groźbą czegoś — on pain of/under threat of sth

    * * *
    prep.
    + Ins.
    1. (= poniżej) under; pod stołem under the table; pod ziemią underground; pod wodą underwater; pod spodem below, underneath; pod marynarką/płaszczem under one's jacket/coat; pod parasolem under the umbrella.
    2. (= tuż przy czymś) by; pod ścianą by the wall; pod drzwiami at the door; dom pod Londynem a house near London; bitwa pod Grunwaldem/Waterloo the battle of Tannenberg/Waterloo; pod ręką at hand; wszystkie potrzebne książki mam pod ręką all the books I need are at hand.
    3. ( w zwrotach wyrażających przyczynę) under; pod przymusem under pressure; pod wpływem czegoś under the influence of sth; pod naciskiem under duress; pod zarzutem czegoś on a charge of something; ugiąć się pod ciężarem czegoś be laden with sth, bend down under the load of sth; pod pretekstem czegoś under l. with the pretext of sth.
    4. (= pod nadzorem, opieką) under, in; pod czyimś przewodnictwem under the leadership of sb; pod kontrolą under control; pod czyimś kierunkiem under sb's supervision; pod czyimś dowództwem under sb's command; pod okiem wychowawcy under the tutor's supervision; statek pod polską banderą a ship under the Polish banner; urodzić się pod szczęśliwą gwiazdą be born under a lucky star.
    5. ( dla wyrażenia sankcji) under, on; pod groźbą czegoś under threat of sth; pod karą pozbawienia wolności under threat of imprisonment; zeznawać pod przysięgą testify on l. under the oath.
    6. ( w zwrotach wyrażających nazwy) kościół pod wezwaniem św. Tomasza St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas's Church, the Church of St. Thomas; powieść pod tytułem... novel entitled...; lepiej znana pod panieńskim nazwiskiem better known by her maiden name; piszę pod pseudonimem Kulis I write under the pen name of Kulis; kino pod nazwą Paladium Paladium movie-theater.
    7. ( w zwrotach wyrażających położenie) podpisać się pod listem/petycją sign a letter/petition; umieścić pieczęć pod umową stamp the contract/agreement.
    9. + Acc. ( w zwrotach wyrażających kierunek) under; pod stół under the table; pod prąd against the stream l. tide; pod wiatr against the wind; pod górę uphill; wpaść pod tramwaj/samochód/pociąg be hit by a streetcar/car/train, be run over by a streetcar/car/train.
    10. + Acc. (w zwrotach wyrażających czas, okoliczności) at, in; pod koniec lipca at the end of July; pod wieczór in the evening, towards (the) evening; pod twoją nieobecność in your absence; mężczyzna pod pięćdziesiątkę a man approaching l. nearing fifty.
    11. + Acc. ( w zwrotach wyrażających robienie czegoś na wzór czegoś) robić coś pod dyktando do what one is told by sb; dobrać zasłony pod kolor dywanu match the curtains with the carpet; malować pod kogoś paint for sb.
    12. + Acc. ( w innych zwrotach) oddać propozycję pod dyskusję submit the suggestion for discussion; wziąć coś pod rozwagę take sth into consideration; oddać projekt ustawy pod głosowanie submit the bill to a vote.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > pod

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